眾所周知,在REG的考試中,聯(lián)邦稅法的內(nèi)容占到了60%以上的分值,而個(gè)人所得稅更是重中之重??梢哉f,掌握個(gè)稅知識(shí)是通過REG考試的充分必要條件。因此,在接下來的一段時(shí)間里,小編將帶著大家一起深度的學(xué)習(xí)個(gè)人所得稅體系。希望觀者都可以從中有所收獲。
  回顧公式框架:
  我們一起來看一下Adjusted gross income,standard deduction和Itemized deduction的計(jì)算。
  Adjusted Gross Income 調(diào)整后總收入(AGI)
  AGI的計(jì)算方法很簡(jiǎn)單,直接用total income減去adjustment,也就是用Form 1040個(gè)人所得稅表的line 36-line 22,然后得到的差額填到line 37和line 3中。這就是納稅人的AGI。
  StandardDeduction 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)扣除,屬于deduction FROM AGI。在Form 1040個(gè)人所得稅表的line 39. 這個(gè)是IRS給出的固定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)扣除額,根據(jù)納稅人申報(bào)身份情況的不同將會(huì)適用不同的扣除額,這個(gè)額度每年會(huì)根據(jù)通貨膨脹進(jìn)行調(diào)整。2015年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)扣除額如下:
  另外IRS對(duì)超過65歲的老年人和盲人都有附加的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)抵扣額。
  ItemizedDeduction 逐項(xiàng)扣除,屬于deduction FROM AGI。Standard deduction和Itemized deduction兩者取金額較高的一方進(jìn)行扣除。在Form 1040個(gè)人所得稅表的line 40中要進(jìn)行選擇. Itemized deduction逐項(xiàng)扣除是對(duì)實(shí)際發(fā)生的各類支出分別進(jìn)行扣除,可以準(zhǔn)確、全面的扣除納稅人的各類費(fèi)用。所有Itemized deduction的扣除都列示在Form 1040的附表schedule A里。
  下面簡(jiǎn)單的介紹一下Becker教材中提到的Itemized deduction的主要項(xiàng)目:
  1. Medical expenses(發(fā)生在納稅人、其配偶、其撫養(yǎng)人的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,并且只有符合抵扣要求的必要的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,才可以進(jìn)行抵扣。)
  Deduct the portion that thequalified medical expenses exceed 10% AGI (7.5% for taxpayers age 65 and older)
  Theformula is:
  Need toidentify the qualified medical expenses
  2. State, local, and foreign taxes(州稅,地方稅和國(guó)外稅款)
  Deductible taxes: real estatetaxes, income taxes/sales tax, and personal property taxes;
  Nondeductible taxes: Federaltaxes, inheritance taxes for states, business and rental property taxes.
  3. Interest expense(利息支出。HIPPE這五種不同的利息支出在抵扣方面的規(guī)定也不同,需要分別去了解和學(xué)習(xí)。)
  4. Charitable contributions(慈善捐款,只有給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的捐贈(zèng)可以抵扣,給個(gè)人或者是政黨候選人的捐贈(zèng)是不可以抵扣的。)
  Maximum allowable deduction:
  Cash = 50% of AGI
  FMV property = 30% of AGI
  Combination rule:Total deduction for all gifts = 50% of AGI
  5. Casualty and theft losses(意外事故以及被盜損失,該損失要符合突然和無法預(yù)期這兩個(gè)要求才可以抵扣。)
  Deduct the portion that thecasualty and theft losses exceed 10% AGI
  $100 floor applies to each separate casualty event
  The formula is:
  6. Miscellaneous Itemized deduction(雜項(xiàng)扣除)
  雜項(xiàng)扣除分為兩類:
  一類是所有雜項(xiàng)加起來以后再減去2% AGI才是可以抵扣的部分,列式幾項(xiàng)比較重要的項(xiàng)目:
  Unreimbursed business expenses(employee)
  Educational expense(保持或者提升當(dāng)前工作所需的技能,為了保住現(xiàn)有工作。)
  Uniforms
  Business gift($25 per recipient per year)
  Employment agency fees(job hunting expenses)
  Expenses of investors(租賃保險(xiǎn)箱的費(fèi)用)
  Subscriptions to professional journals(訂閱專業(yè)期刊的費(fèi)用)
  另一類雜項(xiàng)全部可以抵扣,并不用減去2% AGI:
  Gambling losses:fully deductible, but only to the extent of gambling winnings.