FSA-02 | describe general principles of revenue recognition and accrual accounting, specific revenue recognition applications (including accounting for long-term contracts, installment sales, barter transactions, gross and net reporting of revenue), and implications of revenue recognition principles for financial analysis |
calculate revenue given information that might influence the choice of revenue recognition method |
(Specificrevenue recognition)
Long-term contracts
Percentage-of-Completion Method(POC, US GAAP &IFRS都可以用這個方法)
定義:revenue andassociated cost and profit are recognized as the work is performed,因此每年都要reported profit.
適用于the project's cost and revenue can be reliably estimated
POC較為激進,依賴于管理層的估計,但是better matching of revenue recognition,利潤表在最后階段不至于波動太劇烈
步驟:先確認當期COGS, 再確認工程進度,最后確認Revenue
Complete Contract Method (CC,只有US GAAP可以用這個方法)
定義:一開始不確認any income,直到合同結(jié)束才確認profit.
適用于the project's cost and revenue can NOT be reliably estimated . (Revenue=COGS=0)
CC較為保守,較為客觀,無需任何估計, 但NI的波動劇烈。
IFRS:對于long-term contract, the project's cost and revenue can NOT be reliably estimated。
定義:一開始確認revenue= COGS≠0。直到合同結(jié)束確認project.(即revenue≠COGS)
Installment sales 賒銷
產(chǎn)品賣出之后,買家分期付款。Revenue and associated cost of goods sold are recognized only when cash is received.
Installment method
適用于collectibility can not be reasonably estimated.
Profit=cash collected during the period*(total expected profit/sales)
Cost recovery method
適用于collectibility ishighly uncertain.
定義:Profit is recognized only when cash collected exceeds costs incurred.
高頓正能量:在一個崇高的目標支持下,不停地工作,即使慢,也一定會獲得成功。