Objective of codes and standard:永遠(yuǎn)是為了maintain public trust in
  1. Financial market
  2. Investment profession
  6個(gè)code of ethics
  1. Code 1—ethics and pertinent d persons
  2. Code 2---primacy of client’s interest
  a. Integrity with investment profession
  b. 客戶利益高于自身利益
  3. Code 3---reasonable and independent
  a. 必須注意reasonable care
  b. 必須exercise independent professional judgment---必須獨(dú)立判斷!
  4. Code 4---ethical culture in the profession
  a. 不但自己要practice, 而且要鼓勵(lì)別人practice—不僅僅是自己一個(gè)人去做, 要所有人共同去做
  5. Code 5---ethnical culture in the capital market!
  a. 促進(jìn)整個(gè)capital market的integrity,推廣其相關(guān)法規(guī)---增強(qiáng)公眾對(duì)資本市場的trust!
  b. Capital market是基于
  i. Fairly pricing of risky assets;
  ii. Investors‘ confidence
  6. 有關(guān)competence—能力---competence
  7個(gè)standard of professional conduct
  1. Standard 1---professionalism---knowledge of law
  a. 不需要成為法律專家, 但是必須understand和comply with applicable law;
  b. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)law發(fā)生conflict,則要遵守更加嚴(yán)格的法律!
  c. Knowingly---know or should know
  d. 必須attempt to stop the violation, 如果不能stop, then must dissociate from the violation!必須從其中分離出去!
  i. Remove name from the written report;
  ii. Ask for a different assignment
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  e. 并不要求向有關(guān)部門report!(do not require)
  f. 向CFA 進(jìn)行書面報(bào)告report--encouraged to so
  2. Standard 1 ---professionalism---integrity of capital market
  a. Bias from client or other groups—listed company,controlling shareholder!
  b. Bias from sell side analyst
  c. Buyer side client—
  d. Issuer paid report---只能接受flat fee for their work
  e.
  3. Standard 1 ---professionalism---misinterpretation—不能誤導(dǎo)客戶, 不能剽竊其他人的研究成果
  4. Standard 1 ---professionalism---misconduct---
  5. Standard 2---integrity of capital market
  a. 不能使用非公開信息!---material nonpublic information---
  b. mosaic theory---conclusion from analysis of public and non-material nonpublic information
  6. standard 3—
  a. Loyalty, prudence and care---
  duties to clients
  i. 如何定義客戶? ---考慮最終受益人!---雇傭我們的人未必就是我們的客戶, 要考慮最終受益人!
  ii. Soft dollar---when a manager uses client brokerage to purchase research report to benefit the investment manager---比如, 作為基金公司,使用證券公司的席位進(jìn)行交易, 肯定會(huì)支付一定的費(fèi)用, 這些費(fèi)用來自客戶, 所以基金公司只能用這些soft dollar為客戶服務(wù)!
  b. Fair dealing---
  i. 對(duì)所有客戶要公平客觀
  ii. 個(gè)別的客戶要求, 可以征收premium的費(fèi)用之后, 是可以做的! 條件是, 其他的分析都已經(jīng)公布給其他客戶了
  iii. More critical when changes recommendation
  iv. Investment action---taking investment action based on research recommendation
  v. Prorated the allocation
  c. Suitability
  i. 了解客戶的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)目標(biāo)
  ii. 要有書面目標(biāo)—至少一年進(jìn)行更新!
  iii. 是否和客戶的書面目標(biāo)相符合?
  iv. 是否符合客戶的整個(gè)total portfolio的投資目標(biāo)?
  v. 必須理解其投資組合的constraints,只能進(jìn)行符合其書面目標(biāo)的投資推薦!
  1. Investment policy statement—IPS---risk tolerance, return requirement, investment
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  2. Constraint---time horizon, liquidity needs, tax concerns, legal and regulatory factors, unique circumstances
  d. Performance presentation
  i. 這里有performance presentation的規(guī)定, 同時(shí)在GIPS里面也有類似規(guī)定! 其區(qū)別是
  1. 一個(gè)是自愿的---GIPS, 一個(gè)是必需的;
  2. 一個(gè)是針對(duì)公司—firm wide, 一個(gè)是針對(duì)個(gè)人member和candidate
  3. GIPS要求公司to use accurate input data and approved calculation method, to prevent the performance record in accordance with a prescribed format
  e. Preservation of confidentiality---必須保密---可以不保密的情況
  i. 違法行為
  ii. 法律要求進(jìn)行披露
  iii. Client或者prospective client同意披露
  iv. 以現(xiàn)行法律為準(zhǔn)
  v. CFA進(jìn)行investigate