Mintzberg believes that all organisations can be analysed into five components, according to how they relate to the work of the organisation, and how they prefer to co-ordinate.
The relative influence of these elements to one another have a significant impact on the nature of the organisation. Mintzberg asserts that each element will have a preferred means of coordination.
明茨伯格堅信所有的組織都可以被分為這5個要素。這些要素相互影響，相輔相成，相親相愛。并且，每個元素都有一個協(xié)調(diào)的a1方案。
例如，strategic apex將試圖通過直接監(jiān)督來協(xié)調(diào)，這在小企業(yè)中特別有效。Middle line尋求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化地輸出，而technostructure試圖建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的工作流程，經(jīng)營核心則在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的技巧下功夫。
For example, the strategic apex will attempt to coordinate through direct supervision, and will be especially important in smaller organisations with simpler structures. The middle line seeks to standardise outputs, while the technostructure attempts to standardise work processes. The operating core will try to standardise skills.
在BPP教材的B部分第5章詳細(xì)說明了這些相關(guān)知識點，并詳細(xì)列舉了以下幾類組織結(jié)構(gòu)，并在P3會在有所延伸。
Organisations can be departmentalised on ：
a functional basis (with separate departments for production, marketing, finance, etc),
a geographical basis (by region or country),
a product basis (eg worldwide divisions for product X, Y, etc),
a brand basis,
a matrix basis (eg someone selling product X in country A would report to both a product X manager and a country A manager).
Organisation structures often feature a variety of these types, as hybrid structures.
考試題型
背誦款：
Which of the following terms is not used by Mintzberg in his description of organisational structure?
A Strategic apex
B Support base
C Technostructure
D Operating core
簡單分析款：
P is a firm of accountants, which prepares financial statements for its customers. According to Mintzberg’s organizational model, the junior accountants who prepare customer financial statements would be classified within which of the following building blocks?
A Operating core
B Technostructure
C Middle line
D Support staff
分析：會計助理（junior accountants）是基礎(chǔ)崗位，所以為Operating core。
延伸：如果是外部審計師（auditors）或者會計師事務(wù)所提供的專業(yè)財務(wù)咨詢服務(wù)（financial consult），則是Technostructure；如果是企業(yè)內(nèi)部的總會計師或者財務(wù)總監(jiān)，則是Middle line。
實際結(jié)合：比如《羋月傳》中的魏冉，他十幾歲從軍，一開始只是一個跟隨司馬將軍的小兵，是Operating core，但是，隨著他征戰(zhàn)沙場，積累軍功，成為將軍，是Middle line。在羋月從政后，他成為了相國，一人之下萬人之上，也可以說是戰(zhàn)略層Strategic Apex了。
來源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)號