1. An analyst gathered information about three economic variables, He noted that whenever variable A increased by one unit, variable B increased by 0.6 units but variable C decreased by 0.6 units. The correlation between variables A and B and the correlation between variables A and C respectively, are closest to:
| Correlation between variables A and B | Correlation between variables A and C |
A | 0.6 | -1.0 |
B | 1.0 | -1.0 |
D | 1.0 | -0.6 |
Correct answer =B
Calculate and interpret a sample covariance and a sample correlation coefficient. The relationship between variables A and B is perfect positive correlation (1.0) and the relationship between variables A and C is perfect negative correlation (-1.0).
CORRELATION的含義是什么?a增長(zhǎng)1時(shí)b增長(zhǎng)0.6 他們的相關(guān)系數(shù)為什么不是0.6? 因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)題目的意思,是在判斷A和B,A和C的相關(guān)系數(shù),相關(guān)系數(shù)是指兩者的變化方向,而不是兩者的變化幅度關(guān)系,如果在兩個(gè)變量的變化過(guò)程中,A上升時(shí),B總是上升,或者A下降時(shí),B總是下降,說(shuō)明A和B是完全正相關(guān);否則,完全負(fù)相關(guān)。 題目中的0.6是指兩者的變化幅度之間的變化,是指一個(gè)變量變化一個(gè)單位,另一個(gè)變量變化是前一個(gè)變量的幾倍,這是指Beta系數(shù)。 Beta=Cov(A,B)/var(B)=相關(guān)系數(shù)×標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(A)/ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(B)
2. An analyst gathered the following information ($ millions) about the performance of a portfolio:
Quarter | Value at Beginningof Quarter | Cash Inflow (Outflow) | Value at End of Quarter |
1 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 2.4 |
2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 2.6 |
3 | 2.6 | (0.3) | 3.2 |
4 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
The portfolio's annual time-weighted rate of return is closest to:
A.18%.
B. 29%.
C. 38%.
Correct answer = C
The time-weighted rate of return is calculated by computing the quarterly holding period returns and linking those returns into an annual return:
1.0435 x 1 x 1.3913 x 0.9524 = 1.3827
1.3827 - 1 = 0.3827 or 38.2%
提問(wèn):各個(gè)季度的收益率是怎么計(jì)算出來(lái)的 題中的cash flow(outflow) at beginning of quarter是什么意思 是股利嗎???關(guān)于cash flow(outflow) at beginning of quarter是指Cash flow是指流入的現(xiàn)金流,為正,outflow是指流出的現(xiàn)金流,為負(fù); 因?yàn)槭窃诿恳患径乳_(kāi)始的時(shí)候有的cash inflow和cash outflow,所以應(yīng)該把cash flow加在起初的value上。 Quarter 1: HPR = 2.4 / (2.0 + 0.3) = 1.0435(期初的價(jià)值為2,又流入了0.3,所以期初為2.3) Quarter 2: HPR = 2.6 / (2.4 + 0.2) = 1Quarter 3: HPR = 3.2 / (2.6 – 0.3) = 1.3913(期初的價(jià)值為2.6,又流出了0.3,所以期初為2.6-0.3=2.3) Quarter 4: HPR = 4.0 / (3.2 + 1.0) = 0.9524time-weighted rate of return = 1.0435 x 1 x 1.3913 x 0.9524-1= 1.3827-1=38.2%這題給的是季度收益率,而不是年化的,所以不用開(kāi)3次方。
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