目錄
  一、會(huì)計(jì)與會(huì)計(jì)理論
  二、會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)
  三、現(xiàn)金與應(yīng)收賬款
  四、存貨
  五、長期投資
  六、固定資產(chǎn)
  七、無形資產(chǎn)
  八、流動(dòng)負(fù)債
  九、長期負(fù)債
  十、業(yè)主權(quán)益
  十一、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
  十二、財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動(dòng)表
  十三、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析
  十四、合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
  十五、物價(jià)變動(dòng)中的會(huì)計(jì)計(jì)量
 
  一、會(huì)計(jì)與會(huì)計(jì)理論
  會(huì)計(jì) accounting
  決策人 Decision Maker
  投資人 Investor
  股東 Shareholder
  債權(quán)人 Creditor
  財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì) Financial Accounting
  管理會(huì)計(jì) Management Accounting
  成本會(huì)計(jì) Cost Accounting
  私業(yè)會(huì)計(jì) Private Accounting
  公眾會(huì)計(jì) Public Accounting
  注冊會(huì)計(jì)師 CPA Certified Public Accountant
  國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) IASC
  美國注冊會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì) AICPA
  財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) FASB
  管理會(huì)計(jì)協(xié)會(huì) IMA
  美國會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)會(huì) AAA
  稅務(wù)稽核署 IRS
  獨(dú)資企業(yè) Proprietorship
  合伙人企業(yè) Partnership
  公司 Corporation
  會(huì)計(jì)目標(biāo) Accounting Objectives
  會(huì)計(jì)假設(shè) Accounting Assumptions
  會(huì)計(jì)要素 Accounting Elements
  會(huì)計(jì)原則 Accounting Principles
  會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)過程 Accounting Procedures
  財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Financial Statements
  財(cái)務(wù)分析Financial Analysis
  會(huì)計(jì)主體假設(shè) Separate-entity Assumption
  貨幣計(jì)量假設(shè) Unit-of-measure Assumption
  持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè) Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption
  會(huì)計(jì)分期假設(shè) Time-period Assumption
  資產(chǎn) Asset
  負(fù)債 Liability
  業(yè)主權(quán)益 Owner's Equity
  收入 Revenue
  費(fèi)用 Expense
  收益 Income
  虧損 Loss
  歷史成本原則 Cost Principle
  收入實(shí)現(xiàn)原則 Revenue Principle
  配比原則 Matching Principle
  全面披露原則 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle
  客觀性原則 Objective Principle
  一致性原則 Consistent Principle
  可比性原則 Comparability Principle
  重大性原則 Materiality Principle
  穩(wěn)健性原則 Conservatism Principle
  權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制 Accrual Basis
  現(xiàn)金收付制 Cash Basis
  財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告 Financial Report
  流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Current assets
  流動(dòng)負(fù)債 Current Liabilities
  長期負(fù)債 Long-term Liabilities
  投入資本 Contributed Capital
  留存收益 Retained Earning
 
  二、會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)
  會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán) Accounting Procedure/Cycle
  會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng) Accounting information System
  賬戶 Ledger
  會(huì)計(jì)科目 Account
  會(huì)計(jì)分錄 Journal entry
  原始憑證 Source Document
  日記賬 Journal
  總分類賬 General Ledger
  明細(xì)分類賬 Subsidiary Ledger
  試算平衡 Trial Balance
  現(xiàn)金收款日記賬 Cash receipt journal
  現(xiàn)金付款日記賬 Cash disbursements journal
  銷售日記賬 Sales Journal
  購貨日記賬 Purchase Journal
  普通日記賬 General Journal
  工作底稿 Worksheet
  調(diào)整分錄 Adjusting entries
  結(jié)賬 Closing entries
 
  三、現(xiàn)金與應(yīng)收賬款
  現(xiàn)金 Cash
  銀行存款 Cash in bank
  庫存現(xiàn)金 Cash in hand
  流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Current assets
  償債基金 Sinking fund
  定額備用金 Imprest petty cash
  支票 Check(cheque)
  銀行對賬單 Bank statement
  銀行存款調(diào)節(jié)表 Bank reconciliation statement
  在途存款 Outstanding deposit
  在途支票 Outstanding check
  應(yīng)付憑單 Vouchers payable
  應(yīng)收賬款 Account receivable
  應(yīng)收票據(jù) Note receivable
  起運(yùn)點(diǎn)交貨價(jià) F.O.B shipping point
  目的地交貨價(jià) F.O.B destination point
  商業(yè)折扣 Trade discount
  現(xiàn)金折扣 Cash discount
  銷售退回及折讓 Sales return and allowance
  壞賬費(fèi)用 Bad debt expense
  備抵法 Allowance method
  備抵壞賬 Bad debt allowance
  損益表法 Income statement approach
  資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表法 Balance sheet approach
  賬齡分析法 Aging analysis method
  直接沖銷法 Direct write-off method
  帶息票據(jù) Interest bearing note
  不帶息票據(jù) Non-interest bearing note
  出票人 Maker
  受款人 Payee
  本金 Principal
  利息率 Interest rate
  到期日 Maturity date
  本票 Promissory note
  貼現(xiàn) Discount
  背書 Endorse
  拒付費(fèi) Protest fee com
 
  四、存貨
  存貨 Inventory
  商品存貨 Merchandise inventory
  產(chǎn)成品存貨 Finished goods inventory
  在產(chǎn)品存貨 Work in process inventory
  原材料存貨 Raw materials inventory
  起運(yùn)地離岸價(jià)格 F.O.B shipping point
  目的地抵岸價(jià)格 F.O.B destination
  寄銷 Consignment
  寄銷人 Consignor
  承銷人 Consignee
  定期盤存 Periodic inventory
  永續(xù)盤存 Perpetual inventory
  購貨 Purchase
  購貨折讓和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts
  存貨盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages
  分批認(rèn)定法 Specific identification
  加權(quán)平均法 Weighted average
  先進(jìn)先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO
  后進(jìn)先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO
  移動(dòng)平均法 Moving average
  成本或市價(jià)孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM
  市價(jià) Market value
  重置成本 Replacement cost
  可變現(xiàn)凈值 Net realizable value
  上限 Upper limit
  下限 Lower limit
  毛利法 Gross margin method
  零售價(jià)格法 Retail method
  成本率 Cost ratio
 
  五、長期投資
  長期投資 Long-term investment
  長期股票投資 Investment on stocks
  長期債券投資 Investment on bonds
  成本法 Cost method
  權(quán)益法 Equity method
  合并法 Consolidation method
  股利宣布日 Declaration date
  股權(quán)登記日 Date of record
  除息日 Ex-dividend date
  付息日 Payment date
  債券面值 Face value, Par value
  債券折價(jià) Discount on bonds
  債券溢價(jià) Premium on bonds
  票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate
  市場利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate
  普通股 Common Stock
  優(yōu)先股 Preferred Stock
  現(xiàn)金股利 Cash dividends
  股票股利 Stock dividends
  清算股利 Liquidating dividends
  到期日 Maturity date
  到期值 Maturity value
  直線攤銷法 Straight-Line method of amortization
  實(shí)際利息攤銷法 Effective-interest method of amortization
 
  六、固定資產(chǎn)
  固定資產(chǎn) Plant assets or Fixed assets
  原值 Original value
  預(yù)計(jì)使用年限 Expected useful life
  預(yù)計(jì)殘值 Estimated residual value
  折舊費(fèi)用 Depreciation expense
  累計(jì)折舊 Accumulated depreciation
  賬面價(jià)值 Carrying value
  應(yīng)提折舊成本 Depreciation cost
  凈值 Net value
  在建工程 Construction-in-process
  磨損 Wear and tear
  過時(shí) Obsolescence
  直線法 Straight-line method (SL)
  工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)
  加速折舊法 Accelerated depreciation method
  雙倍余額遞減法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)
  年數(shù)總和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)
  以舊換新 Trade in
  經(jīng)營租賃 Operating lease
  融資租賃 Capital lease
  廉價(jià)購買權(quán) Bargain purchase option (BPO)
  資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表外籌資 Off-balance-sheet financing
  最低租賃付款額 Minimum lease payments
 
  七、無形資產(chǎn)
  無形資產(chǎn) Intangible assets
  專利權(quán) Patents
  商標(biāo)權(quán) Trademarks, Trade names
  著作權(quán) Copyrights
  特許權(quán)或?qū)I權(quán) Franchises
  商譽(yù) Goodwill
  開辦費(fèi) Organization cost
  租賃權(quán) Leasehold
  攤銷 Amortization
 
  八、流動(dòng)負(fù)債
  負(fù)債 Liability
  流動(dòng)負(fù)債 Current liability
  應(yīng)付賬款 Account payable
  應(yīng)付票據(jù) Notes payable
  貼現(xiàn)票據(jù) Discount notes
  長期負(fù)債一年內(nèi)到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities
  應(yīng)付股利 Dividends payable
  預(yù)收收益 Prepayments by customers
  存入保證金 Refundable deposits
  應(yīng)付費(fèi)用 Accrual expense
  增值稅 value added tax
  營業(yè)稅 Business tax
  應(yīng)付所得稅 Income tax payable
  應(yīng)付獎(jiǎng)金 Bonuses payable
  產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量擔(dān)保負(fù)債 Estimated liabilities under product warranties
  贈(zèng)品和兌換券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps
  或有事項(xiàng) Contingency
  或有負(fù)債 Contingent
  或有損失 Loss contingencies
  或有利得 Gain contingencies
  永久性差異 Permanent difference
  時(shí)間性差異 Timing difference
  應(yīng)付稅款法 Taxes payable method
  納稅影響會(huì)計(jì)法 Tax effect accounting method
  遞延所得稅負(fù)債法 Deferred income tax liability method
 
  九、長期負(fù)債
  長期負(fù)債 Long-term Liabilities
  應(yīng)付公司債券 Bonds payable
  有擔(dān)保品的公司債券 Secured Bonds
  抵押公司債券 Mortgage Bonds
  保證公司債券 Guaranteed Bonds
  信用公司債券 Debenture Bonds
  一次還本公司債券 Term Bonds
  分期還本公司債券 Serial Bonds
  可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債券 Convertible Bonds
  可贖回公司債券 Callable Bonds
  可要求公司債券 Redeemable Bonds
  記名公司債券 Registered Bonds
  無記名公司債券 Coupon Bonds
  普通公司債券 Ordinary Bonds
  收益公司債券 Income Bonds
  名義利率,票面利率 Nominal rate
  實(shí)際利率 Actual rate
  有效利率 Effective rate
  溢價(jià) Premium
  折價(jià) Discount
  面值 Par value
  直線法 Straight-line method
  實(shí)際利率法 Effective interest method
  到期直接償付 Repayment at maturity
  提前償付 Repayment at advance
  償債基金 Sinking fund
  長期應(yīng)付票據(jù) Long-term notes payable
  抵押借款 Mortgage loan
 
  十、業(yè)主權(quán)益
  權(quán)益 Equity
  業(yè)主權(quán)益 Owner's equity
  股東權(quán)益 Stockholder's equity
  投入資本 Contributed capital
  繳入資本 Paid-in capital
  股本 Capital stock
  資本公積 Capital surplus
  留存收益 Retained earnings
  核定股本 Authorized capital stock
  實(shí)收資本 Issued capital stock
  發(fā)行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock
  庫藏股 Treasury stock
  普通股 Common stock
  優(yōu)先股 Preferred stock
  累積優(yōu)先股 Cumulative preferred stock
  非累積優(yōu)先股 Noncumulative preferred stock
  完全參加優(yōu)先股 Fully participating preferred stock
  部分參加優(yōu)先股 Partially participating preferred stock
  非部分參加優(yōu)先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock
  現(xiàn)金發(fā)行 Issuance for cash
  非現(xiàn)金發(fā)行 Issuance for noncash consideration
  股票的合并發(fā)行 Lump-sum sales of stock
  發(fā)行成本 Issuance cost
  成本法 Cost method
  面值法 Par value method
  捐贈(zèng)資本 Donated capital
  盈余分配 Distribution of earnings
  股利 Dividend
  股利政策 Dividend policy
  宣布日 Date of declaration
  股權(quán)登記日 Date of record
  除息日 Ex-dividend date
  股利支付日 Date of payment
  現(xiàn)金股利 Cash dividend
  股票股利 Stock dividend
  撥款 appropriation
 
  十一、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
  財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Financial Statement
  資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 Balance Sheet
  收益表 Income Statement
  賬戶式 Account Form
  報(bào)告式 Report Form
  編制(報(bào)表) Prepare
  工作底稿 Worksheet
  多步式 Multi-step
  單步式 Single-step
 
  十二、財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動(dòng)表
  財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動(dòng)表中的現(xiàn)金基礎(chǔ) SCFP.Cash Basis(現(xiàn)金流量表)
  財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動(dòng)表中的營運(yùn)資金基礎(chǔ) SCFP.Working Capital Basis(資金來源與運(yùn)用表)
  營運(yùn)資金 Working Capital
  全部資源概念 All-resources concept
  直接交換業(yè)務(wù) Direct exchanges
  正常營業(yè)活動(dòng) Normal operating activities
  財(cái)務(wù)活動(dòng) Financing activities
  投資活動(dòng) Investing activities
 
  十三、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析
  財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析 Analysis of financial statements
  比較財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Comparative financial statements
  趨勢百分比 Trend percentage
  比率 Ratios
  普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock
  股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio
  價(jià)益比 Price-earnings ratio
  普通股每股賬面價(jià)值 Book value per share of common stock
  資本報(bào)酬率 Return on investment
  總資產(chǎn)報(bào)酬率 Return on total asset
  債券收益率 Yield rate on bonds
  已獲利息倍數(shù) Number of times interest earned
  債券比率 Debt ratio
  優(yōu)先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock
  營運(yùn)資本 Working Capital
  周轉(zhuǎn) Turnover
  存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率 Inventory turnover
  應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率 Accounts receivable turnover
  流動(dòng)比率 Current ratio
  速動(dòng)比率 Quick ratio
  酸性試驗(yàn)比率 Acid test ratio
 
  十四、合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
  合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Consolidated financial statements
  吸收合并 Merger
  創(chuàng)立合并 Consolidation
  控股公司 Parent company
  附屬公司 Subsidiary company
  少數(shù)股權(quán) Minority interest
  權(quán)益聯(lián)營合并 Pooling of interest
  購買合并 Combination by purchase
  權(quán)益法 Equity method
  成本法 Cost method
 
  十五、物價(jià)變動(dòng)中的會(huì)計(jì)計(jì)量
  物價(jià)變動(dòng)之會(huì)計(jì) Price-level changes accounting
  一般物價(jià)水平會(huì)計(jì) General price-level accounting
  貨幣購買力會(huì)計(jì) Purchasing-power accounting
  統(tǒng)一幣值會(huì)計(jì) Constant dollar accounting
  歷史成本 Historical cost
  現(xiàn)行價(jià)值會(huì)計(jì) Current value accounting
  現(xiàn)行成本 Current cost
  重置成本 Replacement cost
  物價(jià)指數(shù) Price-level index
  國民生產(chǎn)總值物價(jià)指數(shù) Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP
  deflator)
  消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù) Consumer price index (or CPI)
  批發(fā)物價(jià)指數(shù) Wholesale price index
  貨幣性資產(chǎn) Monetary assets
  貨幣性負(fù)債 Monetary liabilities
  貨幣購買力損益 Purchasing-power gains or losses
  資產(chǎn)持有損益 Holding gains or losses
  未實(shí)現(xiàn)的資產(chǎn)持有損益 Unrealized holding gains or losse
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