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2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Theres nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you.1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.
Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open.14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.
Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18,a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.
1.A.Through B.Despite C.Besides D.Without
2.A.revealing B.demanding C.improvingD.tracing
3.A.experience B.convenience C.guidance D.reference
4.A.previouslyB.temporarily C.successively D.eventually
5.A.held on B.started outC.settled down D.went by
6.A.relations B.volumes C.benefitsD.sources
7.A.useful B.simple C.flexible D.stable
8.A.call for B.yield to C.insist on D.act as
9.A.As well asB.In terms of C.Thanks to D.Rather than
10.A.connected B.shared C.represented D.occupied
11.A.allowB.expect C.require D.direct
12.A.adopt B.lead C.clear D.change
13.A.adapting to B.deriving from C.relying onD.pointing at
14.A.Once B.Since C.Unless D.Although
15.A.records B.positions C.principlesD.reasons
16.A.controls B.analysesC.produces D.mixes
17.A.decorate B.compare C.protect D.complement
18.A.In conclusion B.By contrast C.For exampleD.Above all
19.A.identify B.suit C.secure D.include
20.A.appropriate B.obvious C.impressiveD.delicate
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text 1
Nearly 2,000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.
Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.
Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bur down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.
The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.
Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.
I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,its the cheap technologies that change the world.
The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.
21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of
A.saving them for future use.
B.keeping them from rusting.
C.letting them grow in value.
D.hiding them from the locals.
22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to
A.highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.
B.illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.
C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.
D.show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.
23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?
A.Increased productivity.
B.Wider use of new energies.
C.Fiercer market competition.
D.Reduced cost of raw materials.
24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails
A.have undergone many technological improvements.
B.have remained basically the same since Roman times.
C.are less studied than other everyday products.
D.are one of the worlds most significant inventions.
25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?
A.Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.
B.Technological innovation is integral to economic success.
C.Technology defines peoples understanding of the world.
D.Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.
Text 2
Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and“baby-wearing",in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.
According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.
Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old peoples home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.
In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,”they wrote.
By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a childs care.One previous study looked at the Efépeople of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.
Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humansevolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a"knock-on"benefit to a childs wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instructive teaching",where pupils are asked to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development”.
26.According to the first two paragraphs,alloparenting refers to-the practice of
A.sharing childcare among community members.
B.assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.
C.teaching parenting skills to older children.
D.carrying infants around by their parents.
27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate
A.an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.
B.an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.
C.the conventional parenting style in western culture.
D the differences between western and African ways of living.
28.According to Paragraph 4,the“intensive mothering narrative”
A.alleviates parenting pressures.
B.consolidates family relationships.
C.results in the child-centred family.
D.departs from the course of evolution.
29.What can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK?
A.They tend to fall short of official requirements.
B.They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.
C.They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
D.They should try to prevent parental depression.
30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Instructive teaching:a dilemma for anxious parents
B.For a happier family,learn from the hunter-gatherers
C.Mixed-age playgroup,a better choice for lonely children
D.Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to Europe
2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題答案
Section I Use of English
1.【答案】D without
2.【答案】C improving
3.【答案】B convenience
4.【答案】A previously
5.【答案】B started out
6.【答案】C benefits
7.【答案】A useful
8.【答案】D act as
9.【答案】A as well as
10.【答案】D occupied
11.【答案】A allow
12.【答案】C clear
13.【答案】C relying on
14.【答案】D although
15.【答案】C principles
16.【答案】B analyses
17.【答案】Dcomplement
18.【答案】C For example
19.【答案】B suit
20.【答案】A appropriate
Section IIReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21.【答案】[D]hiding them from the locals
22.【答案】[D]show the preciouness of nail-making technology at that time
23.【答案】[A]Increased productivity
24.【答案】have remained basically the same since Roman times
25.【答案】[A]Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change
Text 2
26.【答案】Dmore Americans are willing to work in retirement
27.【答案】A retirement may cause problems for them
28.【答案】C longer life expeetaney
29.【答案】D Spending less
30.【答案】A unprepared
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