管理者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系
  What is leadership?
  Leadership has been defined as:
  'The activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives' (Terry) 'Interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specialized goal or goals'
  Management and leadership
  The terms 'management' and 'leadership' are often used interchangeably.
  Management is about coping with complexity: its functions are to do with logic, structure, analysis and control, and are aimed at producing order, consistency and predictability.
  Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change: its activities include creating a sense of direction, communicating strategy, and energizing, inspiring and motivating others to translate the vision into action.
  Management can be exercised over resources, activities, projects and other essential non-personal things.
  Leadership can only be exercised over people.
  一、概念
  領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者:領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是一種社會角色,特指領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動的行為主體,即能實現(xiàn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過程的人。
  管理者:“管理者是指在組織中從事管理活動、擔(dān)負(fù)管理職能的人,即負(fù)擔(dān)對他人的工作進(jìn)行計劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制等工作,以期實現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)的人”。
  “管理者是被任命的,他們擁有合法的權(quán)力進(jìn)行獎勵和處罰,其影響力來自于他們所處的職位和組織所賦予的正式權(quán)力,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者則可以是任命的,也可以是從一個群體中產(chǎn)出來的,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以不運用正式權(quán)力而以自身影響力和魅力來影響他人的活動。”
  二、聯(lián)系
  領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和管理者都是在組織中擁有權(quán)力的個體,在組織中處在舉足輕重的位置,他們工作的最終目標(biāo)都是為了組織發(fā)展,他們的工作對組織的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重大影響,二者之間沒有根本的利益沖突,只有二者無間合作才能使組織更好的發(fā)展,“理想情況下,管理者應(yīng)該同時就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”。
  三、區(qū)別
  領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者與管理者具有四大區(qū)別:
  【一】管理者關(guān)注的是執(zhí)行,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者思考的則是創(chuàng)新;
  【二】管理者主要關(guān)注事情,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者核心關(guān)注人;
  【三】管理者依靠控制,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者促進(jìn)信任;
  【四】管理者維護(hù)現(xiàn)狀,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者推動變革。