Session 7 Absorption and marginal cost
Main contents: 1. Marginal cost
2. Contribution
3. Absorption costing VS marginal costing
4. Reconciling profits
7.1 Marginal cost and marginal costing
Marginal cost is the variable cost of one units of product or service.
● Marginal production cost = direct materials +direct labour + variable production overhead
Marginal costing is an alternative method of costing to absorption costing. In marginal costing, only variable costs are charged as a cost of sale and a contribution is calculated.
● Cost of sales = cot of opening inventory + cost of production units – cost of closing
inventory
● Contribution = sales revenue – variable cost of sales
Example 1:
Company A produces a single product and has the following budget:
Company A budget per unit
Selling price $10
Direct materials $3
Direct wages $2
Variable overheads $1
Fixed production overhead is $10000 per month; production volume is 5000 units per month. Sales volume is 5000 units per month.
Calculate the cost per unit to be used for stock valuation under.
?。?)Absorption costing
Direct materials $3
Direct wages $2
Variable overheads $1
Absorbed fixed overheads $2 = $10000/5000 units
Cost per unit $8
?。?)Marginal costing
Direct materials $3
Direct wages $2
Variable overheads $1
Cost per unit $6
Calculate the profit:
(1)Absorption costing
Sales revenue 5000 units x $10 $50000
Costs 5000 units x $8 $40000
Profits $10000
?。?)Marginal costing
Sales revenue 5000 units x $10 $50000
Variable costs 5000 units x $6 $30000
Contribution $20000
Fixed costs $10000
Profits $10000
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