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2023考研英語長難句怎么學習

2004-Text2
第2段:①It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over ZoëZysman.
③Englishnames are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet...話題:字母順序帶來的歧視(不公)
二、解析
1.分意群:
It has long been known//that a taxi firm/called AAAA cars/has a big advantage/over Zodiac cars//when customers/thumb through their phone directories.它早被人們知道/一家出租車公司/叫作AAAA cars/有一個很大的優(yōu)勢/比Zodiac cars//當顧客/翻閱他們的電話簿。
2.定屬性:
①It+謂語動詞(或系表)+that,that引導的主語從句后置,用it代替主語,為形式主語;
It has long been known that......正常主謂賓語序應該為That......has long been known,由于主語太長,所以通常后置;
②名詞+過去分詞-ed,過去分詞作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞;
called AAAA cars:被“稱作AAAA cars的”;
當一個句子中出現(xiàn)兩個動詞(沒有并列連詞),必然只有一個是作謂語,has、be等一定是作謂語動詞;-ed形式的動詞,可以是過去時(此時是謂語動詞),也可能是過去分詞(此時作定語)。區(qū)分過去時和過去分詞的方法就是看該動詞。
前面名詞的關系,如果是被動關系,如被稱作“AAAA cars”的出租車公司,為被動關系,即為過去分詞作定語;
③主句+when狀語從句,when從句翻譯在主句前:“當......時”;
when customers thumb through their phone directories
3.調語序:
①名詞+過去分詞,過去分詞作后置定語;
a taxi firm called AAAA cars
翻譯成“名為AAAA的出租車公司”;
②has a big advantage over Zodiac cars;
over在這里表示比較的意思,翻譯在前面:“比Zodiac出租公司更有優(yōu)勢”。
4.理翻譯:
難點:cars;over;AAAA及Zodiac;big;thumb through
?cars在這里可以不用翻譯;
?over在這里表比較的意思,或者優(yōu)于;
?big advantage中big不翻譯成“大”,翻譯為“更有優(yōu)勢”就;
?AAAA及Zodiac這樣的英文大寫字母專有名詞,在翻譯時可以直接照抄,直接翻譯成AAAA及Zodiac;
?thumb拇指,thumb through表示翻尋、翻閱的意思。
四、理解
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over
Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.全句翻譯:長久以來人們都知道,當顧客翻尋電話號碼簿的時候,名為AAAA的出租公司就比名為Zodiac
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