2014年MPAcc考研英語(yǔ)二完形填空真題及答案解析
SectionI Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without3 R9E! u0 M& F;
參考答案:
Section I Use ofEnglish
1、【答案】Bconcluded! j$F( d; f0 `& E# c! x( I1 ^7 ^
【解析】 題干中,一系列的研究已經(jīng)_____,事實(shí)上,正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義,后面的部分實(shí)際上是研究的結(jié)論,因此concluded 符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)denied(否認(rèn))與意義相反,doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠(yuǎn),ensured(確保)不符合題意,因?yàn)檠芯坎荒艽_保后面的事 實(shí),只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以正確答案為B。,O* c) g& h1 b2 C# [1 \( L
2、【答案】Aprotective( Z-b3 @' L$ n+ |9 H/ P# E/ R
【解析】 題干中,對(duì)于某些健康情況,超重事實(shí)上是有_____。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論,超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient表示充足,troublesome表示有麻煩,不符合題意,所以正確答案為A。/n) E p3 _! C/ c5 t
3、【答案】Clikewise&f6 S c$ j; F8 G
【解析】第三句話中,較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。_____,在老年人中,一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞 語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)instead表示逆接的句意關(guān)系,B選項(xiàng)however也表示逆接,D選項(xiàng)therefore表示因此,只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣 地;也,而且。因此正確答案為C。,S/ q U! T! b* Q3 s% Q% ?0 O
4、【答案】Aindicator
【解析】本句話中,_____,一定程度上超重,經(jīng)常是健康的_____。A選項(xiàng),表示指示器,指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表示客觀;C選 項(xiàng)origin表示來(lái)源,D選項(xiàng)example表示例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容,已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此正確答案為A。
5、【答案】Dconcern- S7i$ _4 s2 F$ D$ P- u
【解析】本句話的句意是,需要更加_____是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相關(guān)性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康,但是又面臨一個(gè)問(wèn)題,到底如何去定義肥胖,因此需要更加關(guān) 注的是對(duì)肥的定義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以正確答案為D。
6、【答案】A interms of) E0p ^0 W" B) D# S% z, A9 y
【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常______體質(zhì)指數(shù),或稱為BMI來(lái)定義。A、in termsof ,根據(jù)……,就……而言。B、In caseof表示在某種情況下, C、in favorof 表示贊成,以……來(lái)取代,D、inrespect of,關(guān)于……。因此正確答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo),希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識(shí),方便日后做題。
7、【答案】Cequals
【解析】本題題干中BMI_____體重除以身高的平方,這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法,也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式,所以equal符合題 意。Ameasure(測(cè)量)、Bdetermine表示確定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。
8、【答案】C inturn
【解析】本題題干中,肥胖_____能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、inessence(事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上);B、incontrast (相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、in part(部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí),所以正確答案為C。0w9 ^" t2 s9 X8 E
9、【答案】Dstraightforward. m0~7 x4 ]3 ]6 R
【解析】題干中,相比之下,這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái)_____,實(shí)際上不是的。A、complicated(復(fù)雜);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可變的);D、straightforward(直截了當(dāng));這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指 的就是肥胖指數(shù),肥胖指數(shù)分為三類,而且算法比較簡(jiǎn)單,所以A復(fù)雜不正確,B選項(xiàng)保守,用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式,不恰當(dāng),一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般 是確定的,因此可變的也不符合題意,D選項(xiàng)straightforward表示直截了當(dāng),符合題意,因此正確答案為D。.P, ]' U) J% G+ @1 D5 ~7 e3 n
10、【答案】Bwhile2 a*L# m' n" `( ?" y% w
【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,實(shí)際上身材正好,_____其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù),可能_____。從前半句我們可以看出,有些人 的BMI指數(shù)很高,應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人,事實(shí)上身材正好,這里說(shuō)明的是反常的現(xiàn)象,后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低,而_____較差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因?yàn)?;D、unless(除非)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以正確 答案為B。+}$ X5 s: |. O2 K9 [
11、【答案】Ashape* {1~& C4 q" E6 ]& p) V- L
【解析】本題可以簡(jiǎn)化為:Some… are fit, while others … may be in poor .不難看出,前后意義相反,且fit(體型健康)與inpoor 對(duì)應(yīng),與之最相關(guān)是Ashape(外形),故為正確答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比較遠(yuǎn),可以排除。
12、【答案】Bqualify
【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義:有一些人體型很好,有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員 是肥胖的,"開(kāi)始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān);"被認(rèn)為"符合句意,正確。7m- P2 i$ A! @
13、【答案】Cnormal
【解析】本句不難理解:有些人脂肪過(guò)高,但是BMI卻 。所需詞匯明顯是正向的,排除A、B;D屬中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,為正確答案。(L5 f0 g5 f9 F4 U- m' N. I$ k* D
14、【答案】Dtendency
【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句:tostigmatize obesity(抵毀肥胖),作為劃線部分的后置定語(yǔ),將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會(huì)""傾向"代入劃線處,最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進(jìn) 一步證實(shí)了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。9l3 {) E8 b9 `5 a" {
15、【答案】Cpictured,L& P9 ~) @* I
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思應(yīng)該是媒體污蔑肥胖,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有Cpicture 意思為刻畫,描寫,描述。%m- w/ l9 y6 [
16、【答案】Dassociated,t p9 u C2 F! l! P
【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖_____的原型包括懶惰,缺乏意志力,對(duì)成功的期望值不高??崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸?,缺乏意志力和對(duì)成功的期望 值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A. 與。。。相比;B 與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意,只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系,相關(guān)符合句意。
17、【答案】Aeven' ~$a) t& |: @1 I$ X& d' ~- L8 q
【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑視超重,而且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本空格缺少一個(gè)副詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境記憶常識(shí),此處應(yīng)該填入表示讓步關(guān)系的詞匯,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Aeven 即使符合題意。$q* U i1 f8 t
18、【答案】Dgrounded
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,空前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度,空后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,
激發(fā)一批反肥胖的____。本句沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞,說(shuō)明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的,反對(duì)肥胖,是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),能夠表達(dá)此意思的詞匯,只有選項(xiàng)Dgrounded,意思是基于。
19、【答案】Dpolicies
【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子??蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯,比如 hospitalsystem ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問(wèn)題,瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)policies 符合題意,直接入選。(X- M1 B. m# s
20、【答案】Bagainst
【解析】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖,本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子,用來(lái)支持這個(gè)主題,空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的_____兒童 肥胖,甚至告訴奧茲博士,它代表了我們國(guó)家最大的安全威脅??崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應(yīng)該含有反對(duì),反抗的意思,縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Bagainst 符合題意。